＜53 street＞53W53 2024

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Skyscraper in Manhattan, New York

53 West 53 (also known as 53W53 and formerly known as Tower Verre) is a supertall skyscraper at 53 West 53rd Street in the Midtown Manhattan neighborhood of New York City, adjacent to the Museum of Modern Art (MoMA). It was developed by the real estate companies Pontiac Land Group and Hines. With a height of 1,050 ft (320 m), 53 West 53 is the tenth-tallest completed building in the city as of November 2019[update].

53 West 53 was designed by French architect Jean Nouvel and contains 77 stories; the highest story is numbered 87 and some floor numbers are skipped. The facade is set within a concrete diagrid that provides structural support for the building. The northern and southern facades slope inward to a set of five spires at different heights. The building is mixed-use, with MoMA gallery space and a private restaurant at the base. The residential portion of the tower contains 145 condominiums with interiors designed by Thierry Despont. There are also amenities spaces on floors 12 through 16 and a lounge on floors 46 and 47.

Plans for Tower Verre, a 1,250 ft-tall (380 m) skyscraper at 53 West 53rd Street, were announced in 2007 in conjunction with an expansion of MoMA. The original design was shortened by 200 ft (61 m) in 2009 after protests over the original height. Construction was still delayed until 2013 due to difficulties in securing financing. Work began in late 2014 and sales started the next year. It was officially topped out in mid-2018, and construction was officially completed in early 2020, though a majority of the units remained unsold at the buildings completion.

53 West 53 is at 53 West 53rd Street is in the Midtown Manhattan neighborhood of New York City. It is along the northern side of 53rd Street between Fifth Avenue and Sixth Avenue.[4] The land lot covers 17,713 sq ft (1,645.6 m2)[5][6] or 18,560 sq ft (1,724 m2).[7][4] The site has a frontage of 87.33 ft (26.62 m) on 53rd Street to the south and 97.5 ft (29.7 m) on 54th Street to the north,[7] with a depth of 200 ft (61 m) between these two streets.[4]

Nearby buildings include the CBS Building to the south, Credit Lyonnais Building to the southwest, New York Hilton Midtown to the west, 1345 Avenue of the Americas to the northwest, the Warwick New York Hotel to the north, 46 West 55th Street to the northeast, and the Museum of Modern Art (MoMA) to the east.[4] 53 West 53 is one of several major developments in the northern section of Midtown Manhattan that are collectively dubbed Billionaires Row by the media.[8] Other buildings along Billionaires Row include 432 Park Avenue, 111 West 57th Street, One57, and Central Park Tower on 57th Street, as well as 220 Central Park South on Central Park South (59th Street).[9][10][11]

Officially named 53 West 53,[12] the building was designed by French architect Jean Nouvel as a 77-story, 145-unit tower.[2][1][13] The building has 77 physical stories. The top story is numbered 87 and several floor numbers are skipped.[7][a] There are also two basement levels; the cellar immediately below ground is used as storage by MoMA, while the subcellar beneath it contains mechanical rooms for the upper stories.[7] The highest occupied story is 890 ft (270 m) above ground.[2] The tower technically measures 1,049 ft 8 in (319.94 m) tall from the lobby floor to the tip of its tallest spire.[16] This makes it the tenth-tallest completed building in the city as of November 2019[update].[17]

The site is split between three different zoning districts, each of which had different setback requirements.[18] During planning, Nouvels team designed a sloping structure to follow the setback requirements and various parcel restrictions on the site.[19][20] The ultimate design for the building has five spires.[21][22]

The buildings facade is framed within a concrete diagrid, which shifts the towers structural system to the exterior, thereby allowing more open space for the interior of each floor. The diagrid was designed by WSP Global, which spent over a year modifying the details of the design.[5][23] Nouvel and the WSP engineers collaborated extensively on the superstructures design because Nouvel wanted 53 West 53s facade to reflect the arrangement of the diagrid.[23][24] The diagrid includes vertical, diagonal, and horizontal girders to carry weight loads while also stiffening the frame against wind.[25][22] The design of the facade around the diagrid was inspired by drawings made by Hugh Ferriss.[23][26]

As designed, the north and south facades slope away from the street as they rise, while the west and east facades are perpendicular to ground level.[27] The exterior curtain wall is made of 5,747 triple-glazed panels manufactured in Germany.[20][25] The curtain wall consists of glass panes, aluminum frames, and ventilation grates.[27] Mockups of the windows were tested in a wind tunnel before being installed.[28][29] The curtain wall is anchored to the concrete floor slabs. Part of the lower stories facade, and some portions of the west and east facades that abut other buildings, are made of masonry.[27] Custom window blinds were required for the inwardly angled facades.[30] Most of the facade is maintained by a window-washing rig on the bulkhead, but the lowest stories of the building are maintained by cranes, and the storefront windows are washed at street level.[31]

The girders consist of concrete poured around steel pieces of rebar.[25] The diagrid was initially planned to be made of steel,[23] but concrete was ultimately used because of concerns over cost, ceiling heights, weight, and collaboration with labor unions.[25] According to WSP vice president Gustavo Oliveira, difficulties arose over how to connect the rebar within the concrete girders at each of the nodes where girders intersect.[5][22] Furthermore, there were approximately three dozen nodes where at least four girders intersect; the largest node, on the north side of the sixth floor, connected six girders. Therefore, for each node, a steel core was created and rebar pieces were anchored to that core.[25][22] The concrete was poured in place, except for the pinnacles, which were prefabricated.[5] The concrete had to be poured gradually because the steel cores were almost impossible to reposition after the concrete had dried up.[25]

Langan, the geotechnical engineer, monitored the underlying bedrock and conducted seismic planning.[5] The ground underneath the building consists of 8–35 ft (2.4–10.7 m) of fill, followed by 5–8 ft (1.5–2.4 m) of sand, 2–61 ft (0.61–18.59 m) of decomposed mica schist, and a hard layer of mica schist bedrock.[32] Much of the underlying ground in Midtown Manhattan could support loads of 60 short ton/sq ft (590 t/m2),[22] but the western portion of 53 West 53s site had formerly contained a stream.[5][22] Groundwater was present 15–18 ft (4.6–5.5 m) below ground level at the site.[33] The weathered mica on the western part of the site could only support 8 short ton/sq ft (78 t/m2).[22][33] Furthermore, the site abutted several adjacent buildings and the New York City Subways 53rd Street Tunnel (carrying the E and ​M trains).[22] Overall, the depth of sufficiently load-bearing bedrock under 53 West 53s site varied as much as 70 ft (21 m).[5][32]

The site was excavated using 33 reinforced concrete caissons each measuring 3 ft (0.91 m) across.[25][22] The caissons descend at least 30 ft (9.1 m) deep. Where the site abutted the subway tunnel, the caissons descend 70 ft (21 m) deep, the same depth as the subway tunnel.[25][22] Some "high-capacity" caissons were drilled at the western end of the site to shift some of the loads to below the tunnel.[5] The floor of the sub-cellar is placed on a grade/mat foundation. The foundation is surrounded by concrete walls that are on average 2 ft (0.61 m) thick. The shear walls and columns on the eastern boundary of the site are placed on concrete footings that rest directly on the bedrock, while the shear walls and columns on the southern and western boundaries are placed on concrete caps above the caissons. The basement story is composed of a 16 in-thick (410 mm) concrete slab, while the ground story is made of a 14 in-thick (360 mm) concrete slab.[21]

The main contractor for the superstructure was Lendlease.[5][22] The floor slabs for 53 West 53 are generally made of cast concrete 12 in (300 mm) thick.[21] While most of the towers support columns are along the towers perimeter, there are also some interior columns. Steel trusses transfer loads from the interior columns to a shear wall core along the eastern edge of the tower.[22] The northeast corner of 53 West 53 also includes a 24 ft (7.3 m) cantilever above an emergency electrical generator owned by Con Edison.[22] A portion of the MoMA space, on floors 2, 4, and 5,[34][15] is supported by two columns, one of which is a steel column measuring 3 by 3 ft (0.91 by 0.91 m).[25] Massive steel trusses on the sixth and eighth stories (floors 6 and 12, respectively[a]) divert the loads above the MoMA space.[25][21] There is a crawl space measuring 3.7 ft (...