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Jazz standard recorded by the Dave Brubeck Quartet

"Take Five" is a jazz standard composed by saxophonist Paul Desmond and originally recorded by the Dave Brubeck Quartet for their album[a][2]Time Out at Columbia Records 30th Street Studios in New York City on July 1, 1959.[3] Two years later it became a surprise hit[4][b] and the biggest-selling jazz single ever.[5][6] Revived since in numerous movie and television soundtracks,[7] the piece still receives significant radio airplay. The single was inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame in 1996.

30-second music sample encompassing both main and bridge melodies

"Take Five" is known for its distinctive two-chord[c] piano/bass vamp; catchy,[d]cool-jazz saxophone melodies; inventive, jolting drum solo;[e] and unorthodox quintuple (54) time, from which Dave Brubeck derived its name.[9][10]

Helped by native symphony musicians, the classically-trained Brubeck had recently enhanced his knowledge of more complex forms of music during the Quartets U.S. State Department-sponsored tour of Eurasia in the spring of 1958.[11] The odyssey inspired him to create an experimental album that diverged from the usual 44 or 34 time of jazz by adapting the intricate meters he had encountered abroad.[12]

Following a repeated request to Brubeck from the Quartets drummer Joe Morello for a new piece to showcase his facility with 54 time, Desmond unwittingly "lucked out ... like keno" when Brubeck delegated his saxophonist to contribute a composition in that meter to the Time Out album, using Morellos rhythm.[13] Desmond delivered two melodies,[f] which Brubeck arranged in ternary form.[15]

Recording "Take Five" proved so arduous for the Quartet that, after 40 minutes and more than 20 failed attempts, producer Teo Macero suspended the first effort during the Time Out recording session of June 25, 1959 because one or another of the members kept losing the beat. They finally cut the single and the album track at the next session on July 1.[16]

"Take Five" is written in the key of E♭ minor, in ternary (ABA) form and in 54 time. Rhythmically, the five beats to the bar are split unevenly into 3 + 2 quarter notes; that is, the main accents (and chord changes) are on the first and fourth beats. The album version has ten sections:[17][18]

Although released as a promotional[21] single on September 21, 1959,[j] "Take Five" fulfilled its chart potential only when reissued[k] for radio play and jukebox use[23] in May 1961, that year reaching No. 25 on the Billboard Hot 100 (October 9),[24][l] No. 5 on Billboards Easy Listening chart (October 23)[25] and No. 6 on the UK Record Retailer chart (November 16).[26] In 1962, it peaked at No. 8 both in the New Zealand Lever Hit Parade (January 11)[27] and the Dutch Single Top 100 (February 17).[28] The single is a different recording from the LP version and omits most of the drum solo.[29] It became the first jazz single to surpass a million in sales,[30] reaching two million by the time Brubeck disbanded his classic quartet in December 1967.[31]

Columbia Records quickly enlisted "Take Five" in their doomed launch of the 33+1⁄3-rpm stereo single in the marketplace. Together with a unique stereo edit of "Blue Rondo à la Turk", they pressed the full album version in small numbers for a promotional six-pack of singles sent to DJs in late 1959.[32][33]

News of Brubecks death on December 5, 2012 rekindled the popularity of "Take Five" across Europe, the single debuting in the Austrian Top 40 at No. 73 (December 14)[34] and the French Singles Chart at No. 48 (December 15)[35] while re-entering the Dutch charts at No. 50 (December 15).[28]

The Dave Brubeck Quartet first played "Take Five" for a live audience at the Newport Jazz Festival on July 5, 1959.[20] Over the next 50 years the group re-recorded it many times, and typically used it to close concerts: each member, upon completing his solo, would leave the stage as in Haydns Farewell Symphony until only the drummer remained ("Take Five" having been composed to feature Morellos mastery of 54 time).[5][9][44]

The piece has been a staple of jazz and pop music since it was released, and has been covered many times, in a variety of genres. The first known cover was by Carmen McRae on the 1961 live album Take Five Live,[m] supported by Brubeck, Gene Wright and Morello.[45][46] For the recording, McRae sang lyrics written by Brubecks wife Iola; these lyrics would later be used for other vocal recordings.

Jamaican saxophonist Val Bennett covered the song in 1968 in a roots reggae style, in 44 time, and retitled "The Russians Are Coming".[47] Bennetts version became the theme of British television series The Secret Life of Machines in the late 1980s. Al Jarreau recorded an acclaimed scat version of the song for NDR Television in Hamburg, West Germany on October 17, 1975.[48]Moe Koffman recorded a cover for his 1996 album Devil’s Brew. In 2011, a version by Pakistans Sachal Studios Orchestra won widespread acclaim and charted highly on American and British jazz charts.[49]

Desmond wrote and recorded the similar-sounding (and similarly-named) composition "Take Ten" for his 1963 solo album Take Ten; he released another rendition of "Take Ten" on his 1973 album Skylark.

Upon his death from lung cancer in 1977, Desmond left the performance royalties for his compositions, including "Take Five", to the American Red Cross,[50][51] which has since received payments averaging well over $100,000 a year.[52][53]