＜About Coffee＞Coffee | Origin, Types, Uses, History 2024

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Top Questions

What is coffee?

Coffee is a beverage brewed from the roasted[1] and ground seeds of the tropical evergreen coffee plant. Coffee is one of the three most popular beverages in the world (alongside water[2] and tea[3]), and it is one of the most profitable international commodities.

Where is coffee grown?

Latin America[4], eastern Africa[5], Asia[6], and Arabia[7] are leading producers of Arabica coffee. The Arabica bean requires a cool subtropical climate. It grows at higher elevations and requires a lot of moisture, sun, and shade. Western and Central Africa, Southeast Asia, and Brazil[8] are major producers of Robusta coffee. The Robusta bean can grow at lower elevations.

Where did coffee originate?

Wild coffee plants, probably from Kefa (Kaffa), Ethiopia[9], were taken to southern Arabia[10] and placed under cultivation in the 15th century. The popularity of coffee in the Arab world led to the creation of the coffeehouse[11], first in Mecca and then in Constantinople in the 15th and 16th centuries, respectively. Coffee was introduced into one European country after another throughout the 16th and 17th centuries.

How is coffee decaffeinated?

Why does coffee make you poop?

The acidity of coffee causes a person’s stomach to secrete a heightened level of gastric acid. Coffee contains chlorogenic acid, which causes the stomach to dump its content more quickly into the intestines. Coffee also increases the levels of gastrin in the body. Gastrin activates peristalsis, which pushes waste toward the rectum. Learn more.[12][13][14][15][16][17][18]

Summary

coffee, beverage brewed from the roasted and ground seeds of the tropical evergreen[19] coffee plants of African origin. Coffee is one of the three most popular beverages in the world (alongside water[20] and tea[21]) and one of the most profitable international commodities. Though coffee is the basis for an endless array of beverages, its popularity is mainly attributed to its invigorating effect, which is produced by caffeine[22], an alkaloid[23] present in coffee.

Two species of coffee plants, Coffea arabica[24] and C. canephora, supply almost all of the world’s consumption[25]. Arabica is considered a milder and more flavourful and aromatic brew than Robusta, the main variety of C. canephora. The flatter and more elongated Arabica bean is more widespread than Robusta but more delicate and vulnerable[26] to pests[27], requiring a cool subtropical climate; Arabica must grow at higher elevations (2,000–6,500 feet [600–2,000 metres]), it needs a lot of moisture, and it has fairly specific shade requirements. Latin America[28], eastern Africa[29], Asia[30], and Arabia[31] are leading producers of Arabica coffee. The rounder, more convex Robusta bean, as its name suggests, is hardier and can grow at lower altitudes (from sea level[32] to 2,000 feet). Robusta coffee is cheaper to produce, has twice the caffeine content of Arabica, and is typically the bean of choice for inexpensive commercial coffee brands. Western[33] and Central Africa[34], Southeast Asia[35], and Brazil[36] are major producers of Robusta coffee.

Wild coffee plants, probably from Kefa (Kaffa), Ethiopia[37], were taken to southern Arabia and placed under cultivation in the 15th century. One of many legends[38] about the discovery of coffee is that of Kaldi, an Arab goatherd who was puzzled by the strange antics of his flock. About 850 ce Kaldi supposedly sampled the berries of the evergreen[39] bush on which the goats[40] were feeding and, on experiencing a sense of exhilaration, proclaimed his discovery to the world.

Whatever the actual origin of coffee, its stimulating effect undoubtedly made it popular. Ironically, though Islamic[41] authorities pronounced the drink intoxicating and therefore prohibited by the Qurʾān[42], many Muslims were attracted to the beverage as a substitute for alcohol[43], also prohibited by the Qurʾān. Despite the threat of severe penalties, coffee drinking spread rapidly among Arabs and their neighbours and even gave rise to a new social and cultural entity, the coffeehouse[44].

Coffee was introduced into one European country after another throughout the 16th and 17th centuries. Many accounts are recorded of its prohibition or approval as a religious, political, and medical potion. By the end of the 17th century, coffeehouses[45] were flourishing across Britain, the British colonies in America, and continental Europe.

Until the close of the 17th century, the world’s limited supply of coffee was obtained almost entirely from the province of Yemen[46] in southern Arabia. But, with the increasing popularity of the beverage, propagation[47] of the plant spread rapidly to Java[48] and other islands of the Indonesian archipelago[49] in the 17th century and to the Americas in the 18th century. Coffee cultivation was started in the Hawaiian Islands[50] in 1825.

By the 20th century the greatest concentration of production was centred in the Western Hemisphere—particularly Brazil[52]. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, industrial roasting and grinding machines came into use, vacuum-sealed containers were invented for ground roasts, and decaffeination[53] methods for green coffee beans were developed. After 1950 the production of instant coffee[54] was perfected, which led to increased production of the cheaper Robusta beans in Africa. See also history of coffee[55].